Design and Development of Gas Sensor Based On Acoustic Resonance
Abstract
Determination of the specific toxic, harmful, or flammable gases concentration i.e. butane, cannot be done directly. It requires devices that can do this measurement without any direct contact between the gas and human (observer) i.e. gas sensors. These sensors are typically used in security systems or early warning system. This research is about design and development of a gas sensor based on acoustic resonance. The sensor that has been developed is acoustic resonator based sensor, with two speakers as the sources of acoustic vibrations. This sensor is made to work at its resonance frequency. Since the resonance frequency of acoustic resonator is influenced by the speed of sound in the acoustic resonator, and the speed of sound is influenced by the density and concentration of the gas in the acoustic resonator, the changing of gas concentrations will cause resonance frequency shifting of the acoustic resonator. So, by taking measurement of resonance frequency shifting of resonator, gas concentration can be determined. This research was conducted in four stages, the first stage is designing of acoustic resonator, the second stage is manufacturing and initial testing of the acoustic resonator, the third stage is conditioning stage to make acoustic resonator works at its resonance frequency automatically, and the final stage is the testing stage of acoustic resonator using butane. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that the acoustic resonator system can work accurately and precision to detect the changing of butane gas concentration. Absolute error and relative error are relatively small, the largest of absolute error is 7.69% and the largest relative error is 0.47%.
References
[1] Optical Gas Sensing: a review, IOP Publishing, Measurement Science and Technology, (2012).
[2] Liess M., in Gas Sensing, Hochschule RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, Germany, 2014.
[3] E. D. McNaghten, A. M. Parkes, B. C. Griffiths, A. I. Whitehouse, and S. Palanco, Detection of trace concentrations of helium and argon in gas mixtures by laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy, Spectrochim Acta B At Spectrosc, 2009, 1111–1118, (2009).
[4] M. Shan, X. Li, C. Zhu, and J. Zhang, Gas concentration detection using ultrasonic based on wireless sensor networks., Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE), 2101–2106, (2010).
[5] H. Zheng, Experiment study of continuous emission monitoring system based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy. (2008).
[6] A. Elia, C. di Franco, P. M. Lugara, and G. Scamarcio, Photoacoustic spectroscopy with quantum cascade lasers for trace gas detection, Sensors (Basel), 2006, 1411–1419, (2006).
[7] Y. Wang, K. Wang, Q. Wang, and F. Tang, Measurement of CH4 by differential infrared optical absorption spectroscopy., Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments, 1761–1766, (2009).
[8] G. F. Fine, L. M. Cavanagh, A. Afonja, and R. Binions, Metal oxide semi-conductor gas sensors in environmental monitoring, Sensors (Basel), 10, 5469–5502, (2010).
[9] H. Bai and G. Shi, Gas sensors based on conducting polymers, Sensors (Basel), 2007, 267–307, (2007).
[10] M. Sonoyama, Y. Kato, and H. Fujita, in Application of ultrasonic to a hydrogen sensor, 2010.
[11] S. Jacobson, New developments in ultrasonic gas analysis and flowmetering, Proceedings of IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, 508–516, (2008).
[12] L. W. Schmerr and S. J. Song, in Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation Systems: Models and Measurements, Springer, New York, NY, 2007.
[13] A. Petculescu, B. Hall, R. Fraenzle, S. Phillips, and R. M. Lueptow, A prototype acoustic gas sensor based on attenuation, J Acoust Soc Am, 2006, 1779–1782, (2006).
[14] S. Mylvaganam, M. Halstensen, H. Engen, and K. Esbensen, Gas density metering in ultrasonic gas flowmeters using impedance measurement and chemometrics., Proceedings of 1999 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 435–439, (1999).
[15] L. Xiao, C. Sitian, L. Hong, H. Sha, Z. Daqiang, and N. Huansheng, Review: A Survey on Gas Sensing Technology, Sensors (Basel), 2012, 9635–9665, (2012).