Research of Quantum Well Laser Diode’s and Heterostructural P-I-N Photodiode’s of Fiber-Optic Modules Radiation Hardness to Gamma-ray and Neutron Irradiation
Abstract
The paper presents the measurements results of optical and electrical parameters of quantum well laser diodes and heteroepitaxial photodiodes under gamma-ray and neutron irradiation. The testing results of transceiver modules gamma irradiation tolerance are introduced. The most vulnerable elements of module are highlighted.
Keywords: laser diode, photodiode, radiation hardness, VCSEL, transceiver modules, fiber-optic communication
References
[1] Carol C. Phifer. «Effects of Radiation on Laser diodes». Laser, Optics, Plasma Sciences, VisionScience and Remote Sencing department of Sandia National Laboratories, 2004
[2] V. A. J. van Lint, R. E. Leadon, and J. F. Colwell, “Energy Dependence of Displacement Effects in Semiconductors,” in IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science; Volume: 19, Issue: 6, Dec. 1972, pp. 181 - 185.
[3] M. Roner, P. Putzer, A. Hurni, S. Schweyer and N. M. K. Lemke “Total Ionizing Dose and Displacement Damage Effects in a Tunable Laser Diode Based Fiber Optic Sensing System” in Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS), 2015 15th European Conference, 04 January 2016, article number 15688437
[4] A.H. Johnston and T.F. Miyahira “Displacement damage characterization of laser diodes” in Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems, 2003. RADECS 2003. Proceedings of the 7th European Conference, 18 July 2005.
[5] P. W. Marshall, C. J. Dale, and E. A. Burke, “Space radiation effects on optoelectronic materials and components for a 1300 nm fiber-optic data bus,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 39, pp. 1982–1989, Dec. 1992.
[6] A. H. Johnston “Radiation Degradation Mechanisms in Laser Diodes” in IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 51, no. 6, december 2004.
[7] Johnston, A. H. ”Radiation effects in light-emitting and laser diodes,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 2003, 50 (3), 689-703.
[8] Berghmans, F.; Embrechts, K.; Van Uffelen, M.; Coenen, S.; Decréton, M.; Van Gorp, J. ”Design and characterization of a radiation-tolerant optical transmitter using discrete COTS bipolar transistors and VCSELs,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 2002, 49 (3), 1414-1420.
[9] Andrieux, M.-L.; Dinkespiler, B.; Lundquist, J.; Martin, O.; Pearce, M. ”Neutron and gamma irradiation studies of packaged VCSEL emitters for the optical read-out of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 1999, 426, 332-338.
[10] Chow, W. W.; Choquette, K. D.; Crawford, M. H.; Lear, K. L.; Hadley, G. R. ”Design, fabrication, and performance of infrared and visible vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 1997, 33 (10), 1810-1824
[11] Andrieux, M.-L.; Dinkespiler, B.; Lundquist, J.; Martin, O.; Pearce, M. ”Neutron and gamma irradiation studies of packaged VCSEL emitters for the optical read-out of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 1999, 426, 332-338.
[12] J. J. Coleman, “Strained-Layer InGaAs quantum-well heterostructure lasers,” IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 6, pp. 1008–1013, June 2000.
[13] V.A. Marfin, P. V. Nekrasov, O. A. Kalashnikov, and A. Y. Nikiforov, “Functional testing of digital signal processors in radiation experiments,” Russian Microelectronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 149-154, 2017.
[14] V. A. Marfin, P.V. Nekrasov, and I. O.Loskutov, “Connection of the parametric and functional control for TID testing of complex VLSI circuit,” in Proc. 14 th European Conf. on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems, RADECS-2015, Moscow; Russian Federation; Sept. 14 -18, 2015, article number 7365664.